Infertility is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the “failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.”

Infertility is a major health concern, affecting approximately 50 million couples worldwide or 12.5% of women and 10% of men.

In the US, 12% of women receive fertility treatment over the course of their lifetimes.

Female factors alone account for at least 35% of all infertility cases and comprise a wide range of causes affecting ovarian development, maturation of oocytes, and fertilization competence, as well as the potential of a fertilized egg for preimplantation development, implantation, and fetal growth.

It has been reported that almost 50% of infertility cases are related to genetic disorders

Over 4000 genes are thought to be involved in sperm production. This large number of genes suggests that hundreds of genes can result in monogenic forms of male infertility in humans

Over 200 genetic conditions related to male infertility are reported in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database.

However, currently only About 15–30% of male infertility cases may recognize a genetic factor, This estimate suffers from the lack of comprehensive genomic analysis in large cohorts.

The use of multi-gene panels can be a useful tool to improve the diagnostic framework of the patients.

Over 4000 genes are thought to be involved in sperm production. This large number of genes suggests that hundreds of genes can result in monogenic forms of male infertility in humans

Over 200 genetic conditions related to male infertility are reported in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database.

However, currently only About 15–30% of male infertility cases may recognize a genetic factor, This estimate suffers from the lack of comprehensive genomic analysis in large cohorts.